A single biological molecule imaged in cryo-EM typically exhibits multiple structural configurations, each with a different function. These configurations may exist along a continuum of states, or conformations, giving rise to a manifold of continuous variability known as the conformational manifold. We propose to estimate this manifold by combining low-resolution reconstruction methods and...
One of the open problems in cryo-EM is mapping complex heterogeneity, such as continuous heterogeneity. We begin our discussion with the question what does it mean to recover a heterogeneous structure, compared to a homogeneous structure or several distinct structures? We introduce “hyper-molecules,” a mathematical formulation which captures the continuum of states and the relationships...